Half-life
10 min
Endogenous thymic hormone declining with thymic involution and aging. Studied for immune restoration, anti-inflammatory, pain modulation. Zinc binding critical — must ensure zinc availability for activity.
Zinc-dependent thymic metallopeptide. Sequence: pGlu-Ala-Lys-Ser-Gln-Gly-Gly-Ser-Asn. N-terminal pyroglutamic acid provides aminopeptidase resistance. Requires 1:1 zinc binding (Ser4, Ser8, N-terminal pGlu coordination) for activity — zinc-free apo-thymulin is INACTIVE. Binds high-affinity T-cell receptors → T-cell differentiation. NK cell modulation. NF-κB inhibition, p38 MAPK suppression, TNF-α/IL-1β/IL-6 reduction. α7-nAChR potentiation for analgesic effects.
Zinc-REQUIRED for activity; T-cell differentiation; NF-κB inhibition; 10-min half-life; endogenous thymic hormone; α7-nAChR analgesic; apo-thymulin inactive.
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Reconstitution calculator · Full deep dive · Peptide fundamentals